🏥 Medical Encyclopedia
PremiumOphthalmology
Cross-section of the human eye
Ophthalmology is the medical specialty that deals with the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eye and visual system.
👁️ Key Fact: The human eye can distinguish approximately 10 million colors and has a resolution of about 576 megapixels.
Eye Anatomy
- Cornea: Clear front covering, refracts light
- Iris: Colored part, controls pupil size
- Lens: Focuses light onto the retina
- Retina: Contains photoreceptors (rods and cones)
- Optic Nerve: Transmits visual information to the brain
Common Eye Diseases
| Disease | Description | Prevalence |
|---|---|---|
| Refractive Errors | Myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism | 2.5 billion |
| Cataract | Lens clouding | 95 million |
| Glaucoma | Optic nerve damage | 80 million |
| Macular Degeneration | Central vision loss | 200 million |
| Diabetic Retinopathy | Diabetes-related eye damage | 150 million |